Network Performance Monitoring (NPM) refers to the process of measuring, monitoring, and analyzing the performance of a computer network. This involves collecting data from various sources within the network, including switches, routers, servers, and other network devices, and analyzing this data to identify potential performance issues and ensure optimal network performance.

NPM tools provide real-time visibility into network traffic, bandwidth usage, latency, packet loss, and other key performance metrics, allowing network administrators to quickly identify and troubleshoot issues before they impact end-users. NPM tools can also be used to monitor network security, identify potential security threats, and ensure compliance with industry regulations.

In summary, NPM is an essential component of network management, helping to ensure the reliability, availability, and security of computer networks.